Tour Japan's 13 Best Unesco World Heritage Sites

Get to know Japan's Unesco World Heritage Sites

World Heritage Sites are established under the "Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage," adopted by Unesco in 1972. However, Japan did not officially join the World Heritage Convention until 1992, 20 years after the treaty's adoption. In 1993, Japan's first World Heritage Sites were designated, namely the Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji Area in Nara Prefecture, Himeji Castle in Hyogo Prefecture, the natural landscape of Shirakami-Sanchi in Aomori and Akita prefectures, and Yakushima Island in Kagoshima Prefecture.

Number of World Heritage Sites in Japan

Since 1993, when Japan’s first World Heritage Sites were designated, the country now boasts twenty cultural and five natural World Heritage Sites. Out of Japan's 47 prefectures, 27 are home to World Heritage Sites.

List of Japan's World Heritage Sites

Here is the latest list of Japan's World Heritage Sites, arranged in chronological order of their registration:

1. Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji Area (Nara Prefecture)
2. Himeji Castle (Hyogo Prefecture)
3. Yakushima (Kagoshima Prefecture)
4. Shirakami-Sanchi (Aomori and Akita prefectures)
5. Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto and Shiga prefectures)
6. Historic Villages of Shirakawa-go and Gokayama (Gifu and Toyama prefectures)
7. Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome) (Hiroshima Prefecture)
8. Itsukushima Shrine (Hiroshima Prefecture)
9. Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara (Nara Prefecture)
10. Shrines and Temples of Nikko (Tochigi Prefecture)
11. Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu (Okinawa Prefecture)
12. Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range (Mie, Nara, and Wakayama prefectures)
13. Shiretoko (Hokkaido Prefecture)
14. Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine and its Cultural Landscape (Shimane Prefecture)
15. Ogasawara Islands (Tokyo Metropolis)
16. Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land (Iwate Prefecture)
17. Fujisan – Sacred Place and Source of Artistic Inspiration (Shizuoka and Yamanashi prefectures)
18. Tomioka Silk Mill and Related Sites (Gunma Prefecture)
19. Sites of Japan’s Meiji Industrial Revolution: Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining (Iwate, Shizuoka, Yamaguchi, Fukuoka, Kumamoto, Saga, Nagasaki, and Kagoshima prefectures)
20. The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier: An Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement – National Museum of Western Art (Tokyo Metropolis)
21. Sacred Island of Okinoshima and Associated Sites in the Munakata Region (Fukuoka Prefecture)
22. Hidden Christian Sites in the Nagasaki Region (Nagasaki and Kumamoto prefectures)
23. Mozu-Furuichi Kofun Group: Mounded Tombs of Ancient Japan (Osaka Prefecture)
24. Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern Part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island (Kagoshima and Okinawa prefectures)
25. Jomon Prehistoric Sites in Northern Japan (Hokkaido, Aomori, Iwate, and Akita prefectures)

Japan’s nominee sites

Currently, Japan has the following five sites on the World Heritage Committee's tentative list:

• Kanagawa Prefecture: Historic Temples and Shrines of Kamakura
• Shiga Prefecture: Hikone Castle
• Nara Prefecture: Asuka-Fujiwara: Archaeological sites of Japan’s Ancient Capitals and Related Properties
• Niigata Prefecture: Sado Island Gold Mines
• Iwate Prefecture: Temples, Gardens, and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land in Hiraizumi

3 must-visit World Heritage Sites in Japan

Among Japan's World Heritage sites, three are world-renowned and absolute must-visits for anyone traveling to the country. These include:

• Kyoto: Representing Japan's ancient imperial capital, Kyoto is home to a collection of historic temples, shrines, and traditional buildings, making it perfect for a stroll in a kimono.
• Mount Fuji: Japan’s sacred mountain and a national symbol, offering breathtaking views and spiritual significance.
• Hiroshima's Atomic Bomb Dome: A poignant reminder of history, symbolizing the hope for world peace and the need to remember the past.

Kyoto

The "Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto" encompasses 17 sites across Kyoto and Uji cities in Kyoto Prefecture, and Otsu City in Shiga Prefecture, recognized as a World Cultural Heritage site in 1994.

Kyoto, known for its classical scenery and historical ambiance, features iconic attractions such as Kiyomizu-dera Temple, Kinkaku-ji Temple, Nijo Castle, and Byodo-in Temple. These sites embody Japan’s unique cultural heritage, blending architecture with nature.

If you're planning a getaway to the ancient capital, opt for the Kansai Area Pass, which offers convenient access to all these attractions.

Mount Fuji

Mount Fuji, Japan's highest peak and a spiritual symbol, is a major attraction for both locals and international visitors. Originally proposed as a World Natural Heritage site in 1992, it was instead recognized as a World Cultural Heritage site in 2013.

Travelers from Tokyo can easily reach Mount Fuji and nearby areas by using the JR Tokyo Wide Pass. This pass is valid on the direct Fuji Excursion express train from Shinjuku Station, which takes less than two hours to reach the surrounding area.

Atomic Bomb Dome

The Atomic Bomb Dome in Hiroshima, originally known as the Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall, stands as a poignant reminder of the devastation caused by the atomic bombing during WWII. Despite being reduced to ruins, its enduring presence reflects its former grandeur and European architectural style. Recognized as a World Heritage Site in 1995, it serves as a symbol of peace and remembrance.

If you're planning a trip to Hiroshima, opt for the convenient Kansai & Hiroshima Area Pass, which covers travel across Western Japan.

Atomic Bomb Dome
Address: 1-10 Otemachi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima Prefecture
Access: 20-min tram ride from JR Hiroshima Station's south exit to Atomic Bomb Dome-mae stop
Official website: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/775

5 must-visit World Natural Heritage sites in Japan

Japan's World Natural Heritage sites are renowned for their breathtaking natural beauty and unique ecological significance. Keep reading for five must-visit World Natural Heritage sites in Japan.

Shiretoko Peninsula

Shiretoko Peninsula in Eastern Hokkaido Prefecture derives its name from the Ainu language, meaning "the place where the earth protrudes." It features a unique, interconnected ecosystem spanning marine and terrestrial environments. Notable attractions include the Shiretoko Five Lakes, Shiretoko Pass, and Furepe Falls. In winter, icebreaker cruises to see the drift ice are popular.

Shiretoko Shari Town Tourist Association
Address: 29-8 Honcho, Shari-cho, Shari-gun, Hokkaido Prefecture
Access: 50-min bus ride from JR Shiretoko Shari Station to Shari-cho Utoro bus stop
Official website: https://www.shiretoko.asia/ (in Japanese only)

Shirakami Sanchi

The Shirakami Sanchi area spans Akita and Aomori prefectures, covering about 130,000 hectares. It features around 17,000 hectares of virgin beech forest and is home to diverse wildlife like Japanese macaques, black bears, and black woodpeckers. Most of the area is strictly protected, with access limited to 27 designated routes on the Aomori side.

In accessible areas, visitors can explore attractions like the Aoike Blue Pond and the World Heritage Beech Forest Trail. Opt for the JR East Pass (Tohoku Area) to reach JR Hirosaki Station, then take a bus to the site.

Shirakami Sanchi Visitor Center
Address: 61-1 Tashiro Kanda, Nishimeya-mura, Nakatsugaru-gun, Aomori Prefecture
Access: 55-min bus ride from JR Hirosaki Station to Nishimeyamura Yakuba-mae (Nishimeya Village Hall) bus stop, from there it’s a 6-min walk to Shirakami Sanchi Visitor Center
Official website: https://www.experience-shirakami.com/

Yakushima Island

Yakushima Island, a Unesco World Natural Heritage site since 1993, is famed for its ancient Jomon Sugi cedar tree, unique evergreen forests, and high rainfall, earning it the nickname "Island of Water." It offers excellent hiking opportunities, including routes to the Jomon Sugi, the moss-covered Shiratani Unsuikyo Ravine, and Taikoiwa Rock with panoramic views. The Shiratani Unsuikyo Ravine also inspired Studio Ghibli's animated movie Princess Mononoke (1997) and is recognized for its dreamlike, moss-covered landscape.

Yakushima Tourism Association
Address: 187-1 Anbo, Yakushima-cho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima Prefecture
Access: 2.5 hrs by high-speed boat from Kagoshima Main Port; 40 mins by plane from Kagoshima Airport
Official website: https://yakukan.jp/

Amami Oshima, Tokunoshima, northern Okinawa, and Iriomote Island

In July 2021, Amami Oshima, Tokunoshima, the northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island were collectively designated as Japan's newest Unesco World Natural Heritage sites. Located between southern Kyushu and eastern Taiwan, these islands are home to many rare and endangered species, such as the Amami rabbit and the Iriomote cat.

Apart from these unique species, notable attractions include Amami Oshima's heart-shaped rock and Saigo Takamori's hideout, Tokunoshima's bullfighting, the vast forests of northern Okinawa, and the stunning beaches of Iriomote Island.

Ogasawara Islands

The Ogasawara Islands, located about 1,000 kilometers south of Tokyo, are a collection of over 30 islands in the Pacific Ocean. Due to their rich and unique natural value, they were designated as a World Natural Heritage site in 2011.

Among these islands, only Chichijima and Hahajima are inhabited. Traveling from Tokyo to Chichijima by boat takes over 24 hours, and since the boat operates once every six days, a trip to these islands requires at least six days and five nights. This extended stay allows visitors to leisurely enjoy the natural beauty of the islands.

Ogasawara Village Office
Address: Nishi-machi, Chichijima, Ogasawara-mura, Tokyo
Access: From Tokyo’s Takeshiba Pier, take the Ogasawara Maru to Futami Port on Chichijima (25.5 hrs)
Official website: https://www.vill.ogasawara.tokyo.jp/

5 must-visit World Cultural Heritage sites in Japan

Japan's World Cultural Heritage sites reflect its rich historical and cultural legacy, blending influences from major civilizations with local traditions. These sites include feudal-era castles, serene mountain villages, majestic shrines, temples, and Okinawa’s former unique Ryukyu Kingdom. Keep reading for the five best World Cultural Heritage sites in Japan.

Himeji Castle

Himeji Castle, also known as the "White Heron Castle," is celebrated for its pristine white walls and status as Japan's finest example of wooden castle architecture. Designated as a Unesco World Heritage site in 1993, its white exterior served both symbolic and practical purposes: displaying the lord's power and protecting against fire. Despite being prepared for warfare with firearms, Himeji Castle miraculously never saw battle in its 400-year history.

Himeji Castle
Address: 68 Honmachi, Himeji-shi, Hyogo Prefecture
Access: 15-min walk from JR Himeji Station
Official website: http://www.city.himeji.lg.jp/guide/castle/

Present a railway pass from JR West Japan, such as the Kansai Area Pass or Kansai Wide Area Pass, and enjoy a 20 percent discount on admission for both Himeji Castle and the nearby Koko-en Garden.

Shirakawa-go Village

Shirakawa-go Village in Gifu Prefecture is renowned for its picturesque Gassho-style village, surrounded by mountains. The unique thatched houses create a fairy-tale-like scenery, surrounded by lush greenery in summer and covered in snow in winter, attracting visitors from around the world. Its annual winter illumination event is particularly popular.

In Toyama Prefecture, the Gokayama region is less famous but equally rich in Gassho-style architecture, also designated as a Unesco World Heritage site. With fewer tourists, it offers a serene and authentic experience of traditional Japanese village life.

Access to these mountainous villages is primarily by bus from nearby cities. The Shoryudo Bus Pass offers three options for flexible travel around central Japan, allowing unlimited bus rides for three or five days, making it a cost-effective choice for exploring the region.

Shirakawa-go Village
Address: Ogimachi, Shirakawa-mura, Ono-gun, Gifu Prefecture
Access: 50 mins by highway bus from JR Takayama Station
Official website: https://shirakawa-go.gr.jp/en/

Itsukushima Shrine

Itsukushima Shrine on Miyajima Island in Japan's Seto Inland Sea is a revered sacred site known for its iconic torii gate and scenic seaside shrine. Designated a Unesco World Heritage site in 1996, it blends ancient architectural styles from the Heian to Kamakura periods against a backdrop of azure waters and vermilion corridors, creating a picturesque and culturally significant destination.

Opt for the Visit Hiroshima Tourist Pass and enjoy unlimited rides on city buses, trams, and the ferry to Miyajima for one to three days.

Shrines and temples of Nikko

The Unesco World Heritage site in Tochigi Prefecture’s Nikko City does not only include the famous Toshogu Shrine, but also 103 other buildings and landscapes such as Nikkozan Rinnoji Temple and Futarasan Shrine. The structures, primarily Toshogu Shrine, showcase exquisite craftsmanship and luxurious architectural designs crafted by Japanese artisans.Admire the intricate carvings and symbolic sculptures like the three playful monkeys and the "Sleeping Cat" in the East Corridor.

To travel from Tokyo to Nikko, opt for the JR Tokyo Wide Pass. It allows you to take JR trains such as the Nikko Express, Kinugawa Express, and Spacia Nikko directly to Nikko. Alternatively, you can take the shinkansen from Tokyo or Ueno stations to Utsunomiya Station and transfer to the JR Nikko Line to reach Nikko.

The Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu

The cultural heritage of Okinawa Prefecture’s Ryukyu Kingdom includes Shuri Castle and Shikinaen Garden, recognized as a Unesco World Cultural Heritage site since 2000. Shurijo Castle served as the political and cultural center of the Ryukyu Kingdom for 450 years, starting from 1429. It represents the rich and diverse culture of the Ryukyu people, influenced by various Asian trading nations.

*After a devastating fire in 2019, Shurijo Castle is currently undergoing extensive restoration and is expected to be fully completed by 2026.

In addition to the Unesco World Heritage sites, Okinawa, surrounded by the sea, offers popular water activities such as snorkeling and kayaking, along with several renowned aquariums.

Best routes for exploring Japan's World Heritage Sites

Here are three recommended routes for exploring Japan's World Heritage sites using regional rail passes.

Tohoku Region with the JR East Pass (Tohoku Area)

Begin from Tokyo with the JR East Rail Pass (Tohoku Area) to explore the northern part of Honshu, Japan’s main island. Start at the remote Shirakami Sanchi mountain range to experience pristine nature. Next, visit Nikko to marvel at the intricate carvings of Toshogu Shrine and enjoy the Edo Wonderland theme park. Unwind in Kinugawa Onsen's hot springs before heading to the iconic Mount Fuji and Lake Kawaguchi for spectacular views. Consider renting mountain climbing gear for Mount Fuji from WAmazing before attempting the climb during the official climbing season from July to September.

Kansai and Hiroshima regions with the JR Kansai & Hiroshima Pass

Use the JR Kansai & Hiroshima Pass to explore Western Japan. Discover Kyoto's historic shrines and enjoy unique experiences like wearing a kimono or riding a rickshaw. Relax in Kinosaki Onsen in Hyogo Prefecture after visiting Himeji Castle, known for its serene beauty across all seasons. Conclude your journey in Hiroshima, reflecting at the Peace Memorial Park and making a wish for world peace at Itsukushima Shrine on Miyajima Island.

Hiroshima & Yamaguchi regions with the JR Hiroshima–Yamaguchi Area Pass

Opt for the JR Hiroshima & Yamaguchi Area Pass for a focused exploration around Hiroshima. Join cycling tours to historical sites or experience stand-up paddleboarding (SUP) under the grand torii gate of Itsukushima Shrine. Finally, unwind in the hot springs of Hiroshima or nearby Yamaguchi Prefecture, indulging in fine Japanese cuisine and relaxing baths to rejuvenate after your journey.

Discover Japan's Unesco World Heritage Sites

Exploring Japan's World Heritage sites reveals the country's cultural and natural history with highlights including Nikko's shrines, Shirakami Sanchi, and Mount Fuji. Regional rail passes like JR East Rail Passes, and JR West Rail Passes for Kansai, Hiroshima, and Yamaguchi make traveling between these sites convenient and affordable, offering a seamless and enriching journey to Japan's treasured landmarks.

Explore more of Japan by using one of the many different transportation passes.

*The information in this article, such as prices and business hours, was accurate at the time of publication but is subject to change. Please refer to the official website(s) for the latest information.